CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL APPROACH AND DIAGNOSTIC PITFALLS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY

Abstract

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder of the
peripheral nervous system. Despite advancements in diagnostic criteria, CIDP presents significant challenges
due to its clinical heterogeneity and overlap with numerous mimicking conditions, including autoimmune
nodopathies, paraproteinemic neuropathies, and hereditary disorders. This review outlines the clinical
approach to CIDP, focusing on its diverse phenotypes, diagnostic criteria, supportive investigations, and
differential diagnosis. Electrodiagnostic studies, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, imaging, and serologic testing
are discussed in the context of their diagnostic value and limitations. Emphasis is placed on identifying pitfalls, such as overreliance on nonspecific findings and misinterpretation of test results. By integrating
clinical, electrophysiological, and ancillary data, clinicians can accurately distinguish CIDP from mimics and
ensure timely intervention. This review aims to provide a structured framework to optimise diagnosis and
management in this complex condition.